Environmental engineers are concerned with assessing and managing the effects of human and other activity on the natural and built environment. They apply their engineering knowledge and skills to such things as environmental impact assessment, natural resources management and pollution control.

Environmental health officers assess risk and develop, regulate, enforce and monitor laws and regulations governing public health for both the built and natural environment, in order to promote good human health and environmental practices. Environmental health officers may specialise in the areas of air, food and water quality; disease vector control (mosquito control, for example); waste management; environmental protection; health education; and noise control.

Environmental scientists measure and record features of the environment and study, assess and develop methods of controlling or minimising the harmful effects of human activity on the environment.

Aerospace engineers perform and supervise the design, development, manufacture and maintenance work of all types of flight vehicles. This may include military and civilian aeroplanes, helicopters, missiles, launch vehicles, spacecraft, satellites, and control and guidance systems.

Agricultural engineers study and advise on the use of engineering science and technology in agricultural production and management of natural resources. They solve problems relating to such things as sustainable agricultural production, the environmental impacts of intensive agriculture and the post-harvest handling of agricultural products.

Archaeologists study past human societies by recovering, recording, analysing and interpreting material remains and other important evidence, such as cultural artefacts, food remains, skeletal remains, environmental evidence and landscapes.

Arts administrators manage artistic and cultural venues such as theatres and art galleries.

Biochemists study the chemistry of living systems to increase scientific knowledge and develop ways to apply this knowledge in areas such as medicine, veterinary science, agriculture, environmental science and manufacturing. Biochemistry provides a basis for all the life sciences.

Biomedical engineers apply engineering and scientific methods to find solutions to problems in medicine and the life sciences.

Biotechnologists study plants, animals and microorganisms. They use this knowledge to develop uses for biological processes, which include creating products for pharmaceutical, agricultural, diagnostic and environmental use, and advancing industrial processes. Their work may incorporate the use of small molecule technologies, nanotechnology, bioinformatics and synthetic biology.

Chemists study the physical and chemical properties of materials to determine their composition. They use this information to develop new materials and products, to devise more efficient processes for making materials and to increase scientific knowledge. Chemists should not be confused with pharmacists (see separate entry for Pharmacist).

Climate change analysts create mathematical models to predict environmental changes. Their work is used to educate and inform policy and planning surrounding climate change, renewable energy and energy efficiency.

Criminologists examine the systems by which people accused of crimes are brought to justice, attempt to explain the reasons for criminal behaviour and suggest ways crime might be reduced.

Economists perform economic research and analysis, and develop and apply theories relating to the production and distribution of goods and services and people's spending behaviour. Economists advise and provide forecasts to governments and businesses on matters such as taxation levels, wages and prices, employment and unemployment, imports and exports, and interest and exchange rates. They investigate international or national economic situations, or particular features such as industries or regions.

Fire protection technicians commission, install, test and maintain fire protection systems and equipment in buildings and other facilities to provide life, property and environmental protection.